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GETENV(3) FreeBSD Library Functions Manual GETENV(3)
NAME
clearenv, getenv, putenv, secure_getenv, setenv, unsetenv - environment
variable functions
LIBRARY
Standard C Library (libc, -lc)
SYNOPSIS
#include <stdlib.h>
int
clearenv(void);
char *
getenv(const char *name);
char *
secure_getenv(const char *name);
int
setenv(const char *name, const char *value, int overwrite);
int
putenv(char *string);
int
unsetenv(const char *name);
DESCRIPTION
These functions set, unset and fetch environment variables from the host
environment list.
The clearenv() function clears all environment variables. New variables
can be added using setenv() and putenv().
The getenv() function obtains the current value of the environment
variable, name. The application should not modify the string pointed to
by the getenv() function.
The secure_getenv() returns NULL when the environment cannot be trusted,
otherwise it acts like getenv(). The environment currently is not
trusted when issetugid(3) returns a non-zero value, but other conditions
may be added in the future.
The setenv() function inserts or resets the environment variable name in
the current environment list. If the variable name does not exist in the
list, it is inserted with the given value. If the variable does exist,
the argument overwrite is tested; if overwrite is zero, the variable is
not reset, otherwise it is reset to the given value.
The putenv() function takes an argument of the form ``name=value'' and
puts it directly into the current environment, so altering the argument
shall change the environment. If the variable name does not exist in the
list, it is inserted with the given value. If the variable name does
exist, it is reset to the given value.
The unsetenv() function deletes all instances of the variable name
RETURN VALUES
The getenv() function returns the value of the environment variable as a
NUL-terminated string. If the variable name is not in the current
environment, NULL is returned.
The secure_getenv() function returns NULL if the process is in "secure
execution," otherwise it will call getenv().
The clearenv(), setenv(), putenv(), and unsetenv() functions return the
value 0 if successful; otherwise the value -1 is returned and the global
variable errno is set to indicate the error.
ERRORS
[EINVAL] The function getenv(), setenv() or unsetenv() failed
because the name is a NULL pointer, points to an empty
string, or points to a string containing an "="
character.
The function putenv() failed because string is a NULL
pointer, string is without an "=" character or "=" is
the first character in string. This does not follow
the POSIX specification.
[ENOMEM] The function setenv(), unsetenv() or putenv() failed
because they were unable to allocate memory for the
environment.
SEE ALSO
csh(1), sh(1), execve(2), environ(7)
STANDARDS
The getenv() function conforms to ISO/IEC 9899:1990 ("ISO C90"). The
setenv(), putenv() and unsetenv() functions conforms to IEEE Std
1003.1-2001 ("POSIX.1"). The secure_getenv() function is expected to be
glibc-compatible.
HISTORY
The functions setenv() and unsetenv() appeared in Version 7 AT&T UNIX.
The putenv() function appeared in 4.3BSD-Reno.
Until FreeBSD 7.0, putenv() would make a copy of string and insert it
into the environment using setenv(). This was changed to use string as
the memory location of the ``name=value'' pair to follow the POSIX
specification.
The clearenv() and secure_getenv() functions were added in FreeBSD 14.
BUGS
Successive calls to setenv() that assign a larger-sized value than any
previous value to the same name will result in a memory leak. The
FreeBSD semantics for this function (namely, that the contents of value
are copied and that old values remain accessible indefinitely) make this
bug unavoidable. Future versions may eliminate one or both of these
semantic guarantees in order to fix the bug.
FreeBSD 14.0-RELEASE-p11 March 14, 2023 FreeBSD 14.0-RELEASE-p11