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CASU(9) FreeBSD Kernel Developer's Manual CASU(9) NAME casueword, casueword32, casuword, casuword32 - fetch, compare and store data from user-space SYNOPSIS #include <sys/types.h> #include <sys/systm.h> int casueword(volatile u_long *base, u_long oldval, u_long *oldvalp, u_long newval); int casueword32(volatile uint32_t *base, uint32_t oldval, uint32_t *oldvalp, uint32_t newval); u_long casuword(volatile u_long *base, u_long oldval, u_long newval); uint32_t casuword32(volatile uint32_t *base, uint32_t oldval, uint32_t newval); DESCRIPTION The casueword functions are designed to perform atomic compare-and-swap operation on the value in the usermode memory of the current process. The casueword routines reads the value from user memory with address base, and compare the value read with oldval. If the values are equal, newval is written to the *base. In case of casueword32() and casueword(), old value is stored into the (kernel-mode) variable pointed by *oldvalp. The userspace value must be naturally aligned. The callers of casuword() and casuword32() functions cannot distinguish between -1 read from userspace and function failure. RETURN VALUES The casuword() and casuword32() functions return the data fetched or -1 on failure. The casueword() and casueword32() functions return 0 on success, -1 on failure to access memory, and 1 when comparison or store failed. The store can fail on load-linked/store-conditional architectures. SEE ALSO atomic(9), fetch(9), store(9) FreeBSD 14.0-RELEASE-p11 April 19, 2019 FreeBSD 14.0-RELEASE-p11